ABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the disturbances in the levels of mineral in the body due to hemodialysis at different levels of parathormone levels and to assess its association with the calcium levels.Methods: Study was a cross sectional for the period of 6 months taking ethical approval. Total 255 cases were registered in this study after taking their informed consent. The cases were divided into three groups according to PTH level. Group 1 has 87 subjects with PTH level <250, group 2 has 102 subjects with PTH level 250-650 and group 3 has 66 cases with PTH level >650. The cases were taking hemodialysis for greater than 6 months and have the ages more than 18 years were included in this study. The demographic data includes age, sex dialysis related data like duration of hemodialysis, levels of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, PTH, ALP were observed.Results: Hemodialysis duration were recorded in respective three groups as 7.28±5.71, 6.26±5.56 and 6.15±4.30 days respectively (P=0.319). Calcium was found in group 1, 8.70±0.81, in group 2, 8.39±0.89 and in group 3, 8.76±0.82 (P=0.01). PTH level in three respective group were recorded to be 123.46±74.15, 418.47±115.49 and 1314.67±1188.63 (P <0.001).Conclusions: Present study showed that significant difference was found in mineral levels in patients on hemodialysis with PTH level as well as with alkaline phosphatase level. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found with duration of dialysis and with parameter of albumin.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or more, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more or taking anti-hypertensive medication. The clinical presentation of high blood pressure may depend upon several factors such as age, gender, severity and duration of hypertension. There is a paucity of data exploring the role hypertension duration may play in shaping the relationship between blood pressure and signs and symptoms of hypertension. To evaluate the effect of hypertension duration on relationship between blood pressure and signs and symptoms in hypertensive patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 patients, aged 18 or above, with self-reported history of hypertension and on anti-hypertensive medication. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire whereas the blood pressure level was measured with the help of sphygmomanometer using stethoscope. Inferential analysis was performed by applying chi-square test whereas the significance level was set at 0.05.Results: The study results revealed that among patients with ≥5 years duration of hypertension headache history (P=0.021), edema (P=0.034), increased urinary frequency (P=0.031), sleep apnoea (P=0.016), palpitation (P=0.005) and confusion (p=0.021) were significantly associated with systolic whereas only increased urinary frequency (P=0.009) was significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, among patients with <5 years duration of hypertension vision problems (P=0.03), sleep apnoea (P=0.015) and palpitation (P=0.035) were significantly associated with systolic whereas sleep apnoea (P=0.048) and palpitation (P=0.028) were significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure.Conclusions: The study results showed that patients with higher blood pressure were more likely to have the signs and symptoms of hypertension. Also, patients with longer duration of hypertension had greater number of signs and symptoms associated with systolic hypertension.